This side effect is usually nothing serious, and OTC drugs may help ease symptoms. Some people experience a headache after a tetanus injection. The fever should subside without intervention, but, again, OTC medication may help ease symptoms. Mild feverĪlthough it is rarer than the other common side effects, some people may develop a low-grade fever in response to the tetanus vaccine. Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines for pain, including ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol), may help. The CDC say that one in four people will experience redness or swelling. Some people may experience a slightly more intense reaction from the injection, causing their skin around the injection site to become red and swollen. This pain is a person’s body having a mild reaction to the injection, and it should fade within a few days. According to the CDC, this occurs in about eight in every 10 people. The most common side effect is pain at the site of the injection. 2017 92(6):53–76.Below, we list some of the more frequent side effects people may experience after a tetanus shot: Pain at the injection site Tetanus vaccine: WHO position paper-February 2017. International Encyclopedia of Public Health, Volume 2. In: Kris Heggenhougen and Stella Quah, editors. Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in adults aged 65 years and older-Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2012. For detailed information regarding the tetanus vaccine, visit CDC website: BIBLIOGRAPHY In addition, for unvaccinated or inadequately vaccinated people or people with HIV infection or other severe immunodeficiency, a prophylactic dose of TIG may also be required. An age-appropriate tetanus toxoid–containing vaccine may be needed as early as 5 years since the last dose for high-risk wounds. Ensure adequate immunity to tetanus by completing the childhood primary vaccine series with tetanus toxoid, a booster dose during adolescence, and at 10-year intervals thereafter during adulthood. PREVENTIONĪll travelers should be up-to-date with tetanus toxoid vaccine before departure. The wound should be debrided widely and excised if possible. Metronidazole is the most appropriate antibiotic. Tetanus requires hospitalization, treatment with human tetanus immune globulin (TIG), a tetanus toxoid booster, agents to control muscle spasm, aggressive wound care, and antibiotics. Tetanus is a nationally notifiable disease. DIAGNOSISĭiagnosis is clinical no confirmatory laboratory tests are available. Case-fatality ratios are high even where modern intensive care is available. Severe tetanus can lead to respiratory failure and death. Neonatal tetanus occurs in newborns who have contaminated umbilical stumps and whose mothers are unimmunized or inadequately immunized. Generalized tetanus is characterized by lockjaw, generalized spasms, risus sardonicus, and opisthotonus. Progression from these forms to generalized tetanus may occur. Cephalic tetanus is characterized by head or face wound and flaccid cranial nerve palsies. Symptoms of localized tetanus include muscle spasms confined to the injury site. Tetanus is usually classified as local, cephalic, generalized, and neonatal. Acute symptoms typically include muscle rigidity and spasms, often in the jaw (lockjaw) and neck. Incubation period is 10 days (range, 3–21 days). More common in rural and agricultural regions, areas where contact with soil or animal excreta is likely, and areas where immunization is inadequate. “Tetanus-prone” wounds include those contaminated with dirt, human or animal excreta, or saliva punctures burns crush injuries or injuries with necrotic tissue. TRANSMISSIONĭirect contamination of open wounds and non-intact skin. Bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment. Clostridium tetani, a spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium.
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